The public sentiment is profoundly negative and filled with sorrow regarding femicide and gender-based violence, especially highlighted by the murder of Maria Jose Estupinan. There's a deep sense of heartache and empathy for the victims and their families, pointing to the grave injustice and dire state of women's safety in the region. Commenters widely condemn the cultural and systemic misogyny that perpetuates this violence, calling for urgent justice, change, and better protection for women. The sentiment is overwhelmingly emotional, reflecting a strong public call for societal change and heightened awareness.

Government authorities

Women's rights organizations

Perpetrators

Victims and their families

Misogyny, because these idiots think that they own the woman. Some die for saying "no" to a guy, some because they didn't do what the man wanted them to do, some because they have chosen to end a relationship, some because they have friends (esp. male friends).

Warning: the text on spoiler contains sensitive topics

&gt;!A guy recently killed his daughter because she was supportive of her mother when she was pursuing a new relationship, he strangled her and paid a homeless man to set her on fire, thankfully he was arrested and strangled in jail a few days later after trying to be "too friendly" with another inmate.!&lt;

wordlessbook

&gt;Some of the stories I read seem random.

Such as?

tremendabosta

no consequences, that's it. i remember a girl here reporting her ex bf to the police 14 times, he killed her and got away with it

Moist-Carrot1825

In Mexico apart from all of the reasons people have said the cartels also have a big footprint here. According to [this article](https://www.infobae.com/mexico/2024/03/08/por-que-el-narcotrafico-esta-involucrado-en-la-mayoria-de-feminicidios-en-mexico/) about 60% of all femicides in Mexico involve these groups. It seems like they go after the women connected to their rivals to get back at them for something.

doubterot

Toxic masculinity, coupled with strong religious family background that teaches men women are objects meant for, succinctly put, quick sexual rewards and to serve them.

So the teachings pass-on perpetually to a point it gets internalized and ultimately normalized by most.

To a lesser extent, I’d also blame it on the dumb methods of protection available for women (as if the offender would really obey some imposed distance of safety for her integrity) and poor penalization/imputability for the criminals.

Killing a woman, in some cases, is psychologically about the men’s juggle with his own morale. They assume they’re being looked down upon or (and it’s unbearable for men who have been taught to never take NO for an answer) disregarded.

Unrequited love, frustrated expectations, etc. they realize they’re not at the center of the universe and can’t take it rationally, so they explode in ire bursts and do it. And the petty punishment from the state is just a contributor for that.

Puzzleheaded_Fish499

I feel like there's a general feeling of entitlement to women felt by people in organized crime, on the virtue of being less educated and living in rural, conservative areas. If some girl rejects their advances, they'll react badly, because for them it's ok to dispose of women in that way, and them rejecting those advances is wrong. A little bit of what Incels feel.

Now, somebody might point out that men are killed on a 10:1 ratio in relation to women. That's true, but the reasons are different. Men are mostly killed out of old debts, crossfires or mistaken identities, though some innocent men have also been killed upon rejecting "drafting", similarly to why women are killed.

otheruserfrom

The reason behind femicides? Misogyny. Personal misogyny and systematic misogyny

AccomplishedFan6807

Machismo/Misogyny. A lot of people here think in woman as objects, and that they own her. So every single shit, ends up being a reason for a fight (the guy beating her), or worse, killing it.

They want to control how the woman use clothes. Who she can talk. Where she is going. Everything. 

Not long ago a lot of man didn't even let the woman work (I wouldn't doubt if this is still common in countryside).

And sadly I don't think this is getting much better (it is in some ways, and not in others).  

Because evangelicals are growing, and they think that the "men should be the head of the house, because the bible says so".


Poverty is also a issue. A lot of woman end up in abusive relationship because of lack of money for her to run away from the guy.

vitorgrs

dirtyoldhippie

misogyny and passion. as well as less resources for abused women than in the west

it's a sad part of our cultures too

spintedyio

The most likely cause is just overall high homicide rates. Other causes that prop it up probably include sexism and high occurrence of passion crimes, and yet another reason can be how countries classify "femicide". Not all are gonna use the same definition as you, some might just apply it to the murder of women in regardless of reason (which rolls back to there simply being high homicide rates) or it might be hard to determine in some instances if something qualifies as femicide and people are more likely to lean towards "yes".

anweisz

It's domestic violence, the term is to address it as an acute social problem, the laws, well, maybe it's that we put too much faith into prohibition, I honestly don't see that higher penalties after the crime happened will deter this, it's not that murder was free before either. Consequences for domestic violence up to that point are minimal, for anyone.

BufferUnderpants

Misogyny. Lots of it.

Let's say that Jane Doe is in an abusive relationship with her partner, Joe. They live together because they have kids in common that were conceived out of wedlock. Jane isn't dumb, but she is also aware that leaving Joe would bring her family financial and legal problems. Yet, she eventually packs her things up and leaves with their children. This makes Joe angry.
Jane looks into getting his parental rights removed, but is told by lawyers to try and make up with him. Joe is notified by the court and starts stalking her. Jane goes to the cops and asks for a restriction order. The cops tell her to come back when she has proof that Joe wants to attack her. Jane is given the order after he attempts to break-in. This does not deter Joe. Jane returns, badly bruised, and asks the cops to enact protective measures. The cops tell her she shouldn't have made Joe angry in the first place. He tries to kidnap their kids. The cops release him despite the order. Jane is murdered. End of story.

weaboo_vibe_check

Because of the massiveness of the underworld in Mexico, the institutions for committing and then excusing murder already exist. This includes access to weapons, lack of societal confrontation of rage manifested as violence, law enforcement, apathy among the populace toward murder, inundation with murders to where few actually stand out, many types of innocent enough victims (women included) to where a lot of people basically underplay the idea of femicide.

Then, there's the questions of who kills? Overwhelmingly, it's men; there are not that many women killers. And why do men kill in Mexico? Largely to protect the resources they feel entitled. They kill men who threaten their business, their aspirations, those who inconvenience them typically financially, etc. But women rarely rarely control the means of production/wield the reins of power to where they would stand in some greedy asshole's way. Also, in terms of just "robbery gone wrong", women do die, but less so probably for many reasons including that they take more precautions not going out as much at night, not fighting back, seen as weaker and thus less force used, etc.

Thus, when women die, a large number of them die because the threat of their sexuality or personality (mainly that they exist) because we live in a misogynistic society where the idea of a woman being a fully-fledged person really threatens some guys' ambition and vision of what a woman should be to him. Usually HIS trophy:  submissive/silent, totally distant from any other man, free from having any will or self-actualization, etc. When she gets in the way of being a trophy on the shelf, she can be killed at the most extreme but a lot are abused for more minor deviations from this ideal: physically, financially, emotionally abused. And no, women aren't the only victims of domestic violence, but the extremes tend to be reserved for women (see the previous paragraph on who does the killing).

Then you take into account a lot of these women were at the dregs of society and had many other facets making them vulnerable: alienated from home, poor and desperate, young and naive, uneducated, no prospects, and often unsympathetic in that she didn't live the type of life that makes Mexicans sympathetic to her personally.

Fire_Snatcher

Even if I agree that femicide is a disgrace and it's the government structure's fault, the USA has the same rates as my country, once an American told me he never heard about that term there

vvokertc

The rate in the US is quite high as well. They just don't care to call it femicide and track it

kmkazzy

Not exactly domestic violence but usually relationship related.

NNKarma

very lenient laws to deal with this, there are several stories of guys who were arrested and weeks later they were on the street doing the same thing only to be arrested when the murder happened

[deleted]

Cheating in latam happens more often than in the EU and us

PetrolHeadPTY

I was aware of it, but I had the racial/cultural bias that those rapes happened within their own communities and that it was a social accepted thing among them. How wrong I was, wasnt expecting that the attacks would come from outside

I dont know the frequency of these cases, but surely they happen. The most recent and famous case here was the [abduction, rape and murder of Yuliana Samboni](https://www.womenslinkworldwide.org/premios/casos/condenado-por-feminicidio-1). In short, like 6 years ago a very rich and important white man from the capital went to one of those marginal slums in the outskirts of the capital were newcomers from all places in Colombia go and settle, most of them poor, from indigenous background and scaping violence. This man somehow tricked the 7yo girl and took her to his flat located in one of the richest hotspots in the capital and there he raped and slaughtered her, and then he hid the corpse (his siblings also helped him by covering that to protect the reputation of their family). Ironically the father of the man is a very important architect and university professor who was well know for having racist opinions against poor and indigenous people.

Aside from that, its common that the guerrilla and para-military groups also abduct indigenous child to train them if they are men, or rape them if they are girls. Its just the modern version of what happened in the last 500 years, pretty sure most of us living from Mexico to Bolivia descend from at least one or two cases of white to indian rape

J02182003

I remember reading a PAHO study on violence against women and being struck that the countries with the highest rates such violence were countries with large indigenous populations (especially in Central America and the Andes) and the countries with the lowest rates were mostly in the Caribbean, where there are basically no indigenous people.

I don't have time at the moment, but you could probably find it with a Google search.

bunoutbadmind

Indigenous girls are usually exploited in tourist hotspots because they are "easy to control" due to their usually poor socioeconomic status, as part of the wider sexual slavery(the euphemism of "trafficking" while still bad doesn't paint it in total detail)  that occurs

Lazzen

I don't think so. At least in Chile I don't think that being indigenous makes you more prone to sexual violence. Although here indigenous traits are more common than in the United States.

I don't know if there are studies on the prevalence of sexual abuse by race here in Chile and I doubt there are. But it is usually mentioned that cases of sexual abuse generally come from a family member or someone you know. Upper class people are less likely to report cases of sexual abuse. That is the only thing I know.

Rakzien

We don't have indigeous groups in the Caribbean, we don't have a saying here

Just clarifing

GeraldWay07

Among native American themselves but they live in their vast reservations and they abide only to their "ancestral" laws so most of those abuses go at best punished with a few lashes.

mauricio_agg

In the northern part of the country, it does happen. The local name is "chineo". Here's a video in Spanish about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjNc1mvmWeo

Carolina__034j

Colombia gives a lot of autonomy to their indigenous communities. They basically have their own laws and traditional police and judges. 
Some communities have traditions that go against western values, like marrying young teenage girls. Girls aged 12 or 13 already "married" (more like "booked") by their husbands.  There are a a number of sexual abuse cases, even though it is believed there are way more than reported. 
There are probably some statistics available but I didn't look for these.

steve_colombia

qwemateo13

I don't think it's even a factor. Honduras is so mixed, but we really have a problem with sexual violence against women. I think their domicile and economic status are the biggest factor to be more likely to suffer sexual violence.

TheCentralAmerican

there is a lot of sexual violence against all people in latin america(Brazil at least)

Emergency_Evening_63

Good news! You don't have to worry about toxic masculinity coming to the US. Bad news- we already have it here

knowknew

As a mexican american with parents that come from "el rancho". I personally blame Catholicism  and lack of education in some areas

graveyardtombstone

Realistically, every culture and nationality has its own form of patriarchal cultural expression and identity that drives violence against women.

Plastic-Abroc67a8282

I don't know why you or other feminists treat LATAM "machismo" (which is just a word to describe patriarchal attitudes) with different gloves than US or European sexism and misogyny when it's all the same. LATAM exists thanks to European colonialism, just like the US, so a lot was imported from there since all of the original inhabitants of America were wiped out or subjugated under colonial rule. It's just relatively worse in LATAM because of poverty, and I say relatively because at least my country didn't revoke a human right to women while a supposed leftist president was on the seat.

nirsken77

Hm. I think it came from the same place that all misogyny comes from. In most cultures women are hated, and simply tools of men.

I too am VERY concerned about the impact Trump will have a black, brown, and indigenous girls and women. We will continue to suffer greatly.

NiaMiaBia

If i had to point the finger at just one factor i’d blame Christianity

d33thra

Not at all intending to discount your fears about the potential rise of patriarchy in America under Trump.


That said, your post reads a bit like your primary concern is that scary people of colour will bring toxic masculinity to the USA, rather than that you're concerned about the women of colour who are currently living with these issues.


I could be completely wrong and I don't at all mean to push you toward silence. Just want to flag the unfortunate history of white feminism with regard to issues like this in terms of prioritizing the suffering of white women (or in more recent times of "Western" women). 

I can’t say this with any certainty, but I grew up with a lot of the same attitudes from Hispanic neighbors and friends in rural California, and it always seemed to come back to Catholicism. That was my impression.

ItsSUCHaLongStory

I read one article that said Machismo may have come with colonization. However, the article says other stuff too that is Freudian which sounds ridiculous. [https://hir.harvard.edu/gender-violence-in-mexico-machismo-femicides-and-childs-play/](https://hir.harvard.edu/gender-violence-in-mexico-machismo-femicides-and-childs-play/)  

It seems that high rates of hatred towards women/attitudes toward women as being "lesser people" are a commonality in all countries in which there is a high rate of femicide/violence against women, but I have no research to back it up.

It does make sense that it occurs within the context of drug cartels and corruption. Gender violence against females is high in Mexico too. I think it was 93 percent of men who committed it against women with high femicide rates. Still, my sister married a very abusive Mexican-American in the U.S. who was a \*ick. It was hard to tell what was wrong with him or why it happened. Part of the reason she stayed was reasons from Catholicism. There was an intervention with a lady preacher who said god did not mean for women to be abused just to stay married. She did get away eventually, but like many women, it took many times to leave before it "took." 

Brazil, Russia, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic rated high as the most dangerous places for women in the article I looked at. The U.S. is rated as less dangerous. [https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women](https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women)

pinkbowsandsarcasm

Weary_North9643

Yes you’re right. Mexico and the “triangle” (Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador) have a huge femicide problem.

“Latin America already has the highest rates of gender-based violence in the world, with Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, El Salvador and Bolivia representing 81% of global cases.”

As of 2020. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/surge-violence-against-girls-and-women-latin-america-and-caribbean

This post had me go down a really sad rabbit hole. Fuck gangs and insecure little men

I think all Latin America is unsafe for women in general, but according to the internet, as of 2021, the highest feminicide rates are in Honduras, República Dominicana and El Salvador. Mexico is certainly not a particularly safe place for women but apparently is not the worst either.

chishtegative

I love México and Mexicans. But Mexican redditors are not exactly nice or particulary smart. Maybe you are...

gaboencaracas

VermissaV

Anywhere between Mexico and Guatemala Honduras El Salvador

Lancer_Evo_Panama

I wouldn't be so optimistic. At least in Mexico, the government it's left-wing only on paper. It's more like a centrist-populist. With some left leaning policies. While also aligning themselves with catholicism and the military. In other words, it's complicated. Most of the advancement in human rights have happened thanks to the hard work of activists and through the courts. The government only following through after the fact.

CauseApprehensive174

Please don't use this map. 

First this one is old, Colombia and Chile shown in blue are currently on the left, while El Salvador shown in red has their own Bolsonaro right wing potential dictator. There are some other wrong ones such as Uruguay, Paraguay and Ecuador.

Secondly, this map, even the updated version, is very reductionist. The 'left' includes authoritarian regimes that have pushed no leftist or progressive policy and are just called 'left' as a red scare tactic, such as Venezuela and Nicaragua. It also includes a ramge of very conservative to very progressive left wing governments. This can't all fall into the same category unless you look at it through the red scare cold war lens.

Now, is Latin America moving away from 'Machismo' (In spanish this word basically means sexism or 'pro male sexism')? Yes! Just like many other regions, younger generations are embracing feminism and other progressive values more and more! The catjolic church has been slowly losing influence! But we also have are own protestant conservatives following their US counterparts playbook. And at this time the fight between ultra right conservativism and progressiveness is tight in many countries, with the likes of Bolsonaro, Fujimori or Kast getting extremely close to winning theirs. Also as mentioned before a rancid conservative brand of leftism remains. Yes in the long term it is likely that conservativism will continue to weaken in latin american democracies, but this is no different than what is happening in other countries with younger more progressive generatioms growing up and voting.


Lastly, Latin America is no monolith, yes we influence each other like any other neighboring countries. But are all different countries with different political realities and at different stages of every fight. We are not some rural traditional anti progress backyard, never have been. The same phenomenons as the US happen here such as urban areas were the majority of people live being often (but not always) more progressive. In the majority of this issues latin american countries are no different from the US, just often poorer and looked down upon. The fight against facism is very much alive, we just happen to have won some recent battles.

Edit: TLDR: 1) don't use this map 2) remember that latin american countries are just like other countries

TheULforce

This reads like someone from a first world country that has never been to any country in Latin America....and lumps us all into one group like Latin America isn't an incredibly diverse place

CowboyF1

I prefer to be optimistic about it, but remember all can get wiped out in the blink of an eye.

See Iran in 1970, a few years back and today.

Sure Latin America is progressing on the legal matters, but it takes time to change the mentalities, and surely not everyone agrees with this kind of progress AND they will fight against it. And we all know what a fascist (right or left it's the same) party do when it gets to rule...  


At least don't get religious people rule the countries.

-Sybylle-

Absurd extrapolation. God forbid anybody vote on the basis of policies and their outcomes. Perhaps they want to live in a country that is not a pariah so they can be rich enough to be more macho in their own lives? And are you saying Chavistas that remain in power in Venezuela aren't macho because their thuggish autocracy is nominally of the left?

Thank god Bolsonaro lost but one tight victory against a guy with obvious glaring failures is not a social trend. Did Obama winning get rid of racism in America? Did trump losing mean the Russian wing of the republicans stopped being dangerous?

One of the most annoying things is the tendency for the left to be so damned complacent the moment they have one victory. It's not enough just to win an election.

sphereseeker

I sure hope so.  My husband is from El Salvador.  I don't see much shift in government in favor of women/LBGTQ+ policies, even with the progressive young leader, Bukele.  But, I am hopeful that the young generations will continue to progress and welcome more liberal changes into society, prompting constitutional/government change.

frosted-moth

I'm 100% with you on hope... but the millions voting for a Fascist like Bolsonaro sadly won't disappear any time soon.

Lets just hope that women can hold onto to what they've won against the inevitable backlash of angry dudes.

RCAF_orwhatever

Probably not. During the Cold War, if a politician in central and South America even so much as hinted a land redistribution or anything that could vaguely be construed towards communism, the CIA would be there to start a coup and put a right wing authoritarian in power. Central and South America have been dealing with right wing authoritarian governments on and off ever since the colonial powers started leaving. Hopefully some lasting changes can be made but there is still historical precedent pushing back against it. That being said, I am no expert.

kick26

Fixing machismo when 90% of these presidents are male?

Horror-Till2216

Now let's hope against hope for the US midterms.

Penguin335

I'll believe it when Bolsonaro concedes. Like, I wanna relax and be happy but I'm just imagining the military rolling up because Jair wasn't done shitting out of t his mouth in the presidental Palace yet.

Also, we'll see. Culture is rarely dependent on political leanings.

Ok-Guava7336

It definitely seems that way in Colombia at least- they've been making strides in lgbt rights.

baitnnswitch

Many left wing governments in Latin America are really just authoritarian governments with its own kind of machismo...

Kunstkurator

jigeno

Hmm, too optimistic. 

Look at what happened AFTER Obama became the US president. 

TRUMP became the US president. 

And look what's been going on in the US since then... all the anti abortion, anti women stuff. 

&amp;#x200B;

As for misogyny and this so-called 'machismo' and toxic masculinity you otfen see in Latin America and the US, etc,... 

It's interesting how 'machismo' doesn't exist in some cultures/countries (for example, in cultures/countries like Japan, Korea, China, etc) and yet, there's such  strong, rampant misogyny there. 

&amp;#x200B;

In fact, men in those Asian countries are often called and made fun of as 'effeminate, weak, girly gays' by those 'machismo' men in the US and Latin America. 

And yet, whatever kind of men they are, one thing they all have in common is... they all hate women.

PossibilitySeas

Lula was president before. And he was followed by Dilma Rousseff, who is actually a woman. She was impeached, though. Chile and Argentina have also had women in the presidency. And plenty of leftists in Latin America have been big on machismo.

So I guess I don't see how the election of someone who was already president and is a man in a country that has had a woman president is evidence of a sea change in a whole region.

Caro________

Just a clarification, Latin America “Machismo” culture is a thing brought by Europeans and the only reason conservative values are predominant is because the US supported military coups everywhere. Every time on of the countries elected someone human, the US went “no, that is not how voting works, no more democracy for you!”.

The Machismo culture is fading, not as fast as it should, it is still huge but I think it is getting smaller each day, even on right wingers (at least for Brazil).

SuperUai

I think it’s a bit reductive to attribute this entirely, or even mainly, to an anti-machismo backlash. However, I do think there is a certain “the trains aren’t running on time” aspect to it. That sort of machismo posturing, you need an alpha male strongman who won’t let messy democracy get in the way of whipping the country into shape, didn’t pan out. The problems were still there, the machismo leaders just used their offices to hand out graft to the relatives and cronies. There was no upside to it, just more corruption.

PKMKII

Probably not. Cultural ideologies tend to be far more entrenched than political ones.

PurpleFlame8

My impression is that there always was a strong leftist movement, often (though not always) associated with feminist ideas, but it was suppressed by force during most of the 20th century. The US is not really in a position to stage coups in LatAm anymore (the backlash at home would be stronger now), and the leftist movements are less extreme now, so they can win elections and not get gunned down immediately. But you're certainly right that there have been changes in attitudes too.

Jatzy_AME

It's something but sadly, Latin America still has a long way to go. The idea of "Machismo" is too engrained in many countries, not to mention the constant violence women face everyday without any consequences.

1Leviosa

marilia0607

Well, I'm currently on a scholarship in Argentina and I've been here for 7 months. I am by no means an expert of this country but I will say I noticed the sexism is a lot less intense then the states at least the city I'm in. There's gay people literally everywhere.  I haven't felt assaulted by anyone or disrespected. Yeah I heard a sexist remark here and there but not nearly the rate in the states. Check out my profile I wrote a whole thing on it.

ImportantDirector5

Yeah it's something good actually the new freedom for women's and lgbt persons,but the bad thing is the stealing of money from the governent, I am from Argentina and before the vice president was proceded by false constructions for the public who cost millions of dollars, they approbed the free abortion and more rights for the people, like they discuss around a half year and the vice president have legal problems and all done.Is very good now have more options of live free for all,but it sad when the people have money from the pain of the people

UnicornioSatanico

lol until the US stages a coup and installs more right wing dictators... why do you think it was so horrific for women? republicans made it so

Proud_Hotel_5160

I hate to say this but no, being left wing economically does not mean being socially progressive.

Yeetacus420

I wouldn't be so quick with the hope. Places like Venezuela used to be prosperous a few decades ago and look where we are now. Probably one of the worst places on earth to live. Things aren't black and white. You can have right wing guys who are pigs yet the overall policies are better for the country's economy/stability than the alternative even if the alternative is saying all the right things and is friendly to women / LGBTQ etc. It would be nice if everything lined up nice and neat that way but it usually doesn't

fatamSC2

The drive to really better anything seems to be fading in the west. I doubt these left wing governments will do much in any rate to improve peoples lives. The only one that acheived anything like that in the last 20 years was Bolivia.

ceelogreenicanth

Before you get too optimistic...Might want to read One Hundred Years of Solitude.

JarbaloJardine

Watch out for US-led coups in the region. 

Historically, left-wing governments get in power, start making “radical”(read: long overdue) changes, there’s backlash, right-wing governments and regression. Sometimes compounded by a US government not looking to have competition in the hemisphere. 

If the centrists and/or leftists can do something productive, then it’ll be like the $1,000 question on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire where they won’t go back below the current level. 

However, if the more leftist governments fumble the snap(which is common among progressives, unfortunately) then we’re in for another 40-60 year cycle before we can try again. Much like Iran 50 years ago, the victims losing their rights will be women. 

Source of the opinion: LatAm History undergraduate minor.

GeorgieWashington

if you hear argentinians saying bolsonaro was better DONT LISTEN TO THEM there's a small but loud minority of right wing nuts in argentina who voted for macri and refuse to believe that the economy died during his presidency despite overwhelming proof and that thinks all right politicians are inherently good

ironically they all have easy and cheap access to the internet thanks to the previous left wing president

FantasmaNaranja

You're assuming this culture has anything to do w politics. Do you honestly believe this culture has nothing to do w the Kim's in North Korea, Communist, China, or the Castro's in Cuba. Each society has Idealism based male responsibility and behavior that mirrors the West and these governments are Far-Left.

Traditionally, left wing politics are displayed in blue. Are you sure this heatmap is the one you were intending to post?

DJ_Spark_Shot

Syeglinde

Oh good. With that left turn we may soon have multiple Venezuela’s operating in the Western Hemisphere with widespread poverty, crime, and misery, but at least women will be properly represented and able to have abortion.

Additional-Ad-9114

DISTROpianLife

it's not that simple but it's a step in the right direction &lt;3

The murder of Colombian model Maria Jose Estupinan highlights femicide and gender-based violence, pervasive issues in Latin America.

Femicide in Latin America

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